Bridge construction nowadays has achieved a worldwide level of importance. The efficient dispersal of congested traffic, economic considerations, and aesthetic desirability have increased the popularity of box girder bridges these days in modern highway systems, including urban interchanges. Box girders are prominently used in freeway and bridge systems due to its structural efficiency, serviceability, better stability, pleasing aesthetics and economy of construction. The box girders are efficient form of construction for bridges because it minimizes weight, while maximizing flexural stiffnes and capacity. Box girder have high torsional stiffness and strength, compared with an equivalent member of open cross section. Although significant research has been underway on advanced analysis for many years to better understand the behaviour of all types of box-girder bridges, the results of these various research works are scattered and unevaluated. Hence, a transparent understanding of more recent work on straight and curved box-girder bridges is highly desired. The main objective is give a clear vision about non composite straight and curved box girder bridges. This study would enable bridge engineers to better understand the behaviour of box girders with different variations in parameters such as curvature and shape. Key Words: Box girder, Bridge, Stiffness
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology IJRASET
Bridges are key element in any road network. In this paper, study of structural behaviour of curved box girder is presented by using previous literature. Also validation of software by comparing results with previous literature. IRC6:2014, IRC112:2011 are used for analysis. From the proposed work it is observed that results from previous literature and present study nearly same. So, software used for present study (Midas Civil) is valide.
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In India railway bridge structures are widely designed with the method suggested by IRS-Concrete bridge code 1997. This Code of Practice applies to the use of plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete in railway bridge construction. It covers both in-situ construction and manufacture of precast units. The Code gives detailed specifications for materials and workmanship for concrete, reinforcement and prestressing tendons used in the construction of railway bridges. After defining the loads, forces and their combinations and requirements for the limit state design, particular recommendations are given for plain concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete bridge construction. The design of I-Girder bridge superstructure (deck slab and PSC I-beam) are done by calculating bending moments, shear forces, bending resistance in transverse direction, bending resistance in longitudinal direction, checking flexural cracking. The Design of PSC I-Girders is done for Bending moments and Shear forces by Dead Load, Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) and Live Loads (LL). The Shrinkage strain, Creep Strain and effect of Temperature rise and fall are also determined. The design is complete for Pre-stressing cables, un-tensioned reinforcements, End cross girder, Shear connectors. I-girder superstructures are the most commonly used superstructures at cross-over location in metro bridges in india, as it has the wide deck slab and it easily permits metro's to change tracks. I-Girder superstructure construction is component wise construction unlike U-Girders. I-Girders are constructed in casting yard and its deck slab is cast in situ, parapets are also installed on later stage. Keywords: SIDL effects, Live Load effects, Derailment effect, with or without 15% future PT margin I. INTRODUCTION A bridge is a structure designed to cross physical barriers, such as water, a water body, a valley, or a highway. Bridge designs vary depending on the function of the bridge, the nature of the land on which the bridge is built and established, the materials used to build it, and the funds available for its construction. Building a bridge is of global importance today. Bridges are the key elements in any road network and use of prestress girder type bridges gaining popularity in bridge engineering fraternity because of its better stability, serviceability, economy, aesthetic appearance and structural efficiency. Bridges are nation's lifelines and backbones in the event of war. These include barriers that divide people, societies, and nations, and bring them closer together. They shorten distances, speed transportation and facilitate commerce. Building bridges is very important in communication and an important element in the development of civilization. Bridges stand as an illustration of the work of civil engineers. In order to supply safer and larger speed of traffic, the route is made as straight as possible. Box girder bridges have gained wide acceptance in superhighway and bridge systems owing to their structural potency, higher stability, use ableness, economy of construction and pleasing aesthetics. In U.S, Bridge Engineers use the code of AASHTO "American Association of state highway and Transportation Officials"; this code will be adopted for style of the highway bridges with special needs. Similarly, Indian bridge engineers seek advice from the IRC (Indian Road Congress) commonplace to try to the planning. But the AASHTO commonplace Specification is adopted by several countries because the typically accepted code for bridge styles. The design parameters are check and verify by the structural analysis program (Cosi BRIDGE). Design is a very important part of the bridge that determines the safety of the general context and the basic cost of the project. Therefore, the choice of the correct and appropriate code will save ahigh value of the cost of construction, in addition to the safe and successful design. To decide the size (dimension) of the member and the amount of reinforcement required. To check the weather adopted section will perform safely and satisfactorily during the life time of the structure. Design philosophy, loading and unloading patterns and safety factors. Shear force and Bending Moment induced in the components, Reinforcement required for each design, from these comparative studies, we can have idea about the best design standards. II. OBJECTIVE
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International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
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Box girder bridge is different from bridges which differ in reliability, economy and aesthetic appearance. Box Girder Bridge has excellent strength and torsional rigidity. Box girders are used for most long spans. This study shows the forces and moments of other results from 0 to 60-degree skew angles. The effect of the same span with a skew angle of 0 to 60 degrees is different. In this study the span is 31 m long and the effective span 30 m. A 2-cell box girder with a width of 9.5 m and a depth of 2.5 m. In this study, different IRC codes are used for the load. The STAAD PRO V8i software are used for the analysis of grillage models. Models are simply supported. Interestingly, the torsion was more exaggerated than the bending moment and deflection. The effects of reaction and torsion angle are mainly observed at obtuse corner rather than acute corner. The shear forces for the permanent load of each support are different and gradually increase and decrease from the LHS side to the R.
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